Fasting and Cardiovascular Diseases: Between Benefits and Ri..sks

Cardiovascular diseases are among the most widespread health issues worldwide, affecting the heart muscle and blood vessels. They are the leading cause of death globally. Modern lifestyle changes, particularly an unbalanced diet, lack of physical activity, constant stress, and smoking, significantly contribute to the rising prevalence of these diseases.

Some of the most common cardiovascular diseases include atherosclerosis, which is the buildup of fat inside blood vessels, potentially leading to angina or coronary artery blockage. Heart failure is another prevalent condition, where the heart muscle loses its ability to pump blood efficiently, causing fatigue and shortness of breath. A stroke occurs when blood vessels in the brain become blocked, resulting in oxygen deprivation and serious complications. Additionally, coronary artery blockages can lead to myocardial infarction (heart attack), a potentially fatal condition if not treated promptly. Other disorders include phlebitis, arrhythmias, high blood pressure, heart valve diseases, and congenital heart defects.

Regarding fasting, individuals with cardiovascular diseases should consult their doctor before Ramadan to determine whether they can safely fast based on their health condition. If the disease is stable and does not severely impact heart function, fasting may be allowed with proper adjustments to medication doses if necessary. However, in unstable cases—such as recent heart attacks, strokes, or advanced heart failure—fasting can be dangerous and should be avoided to maintain health stability.

To ensure good health during Ramadan, heart patients are advised to follow a balanced diet, avoid heavy and fatty meals, reduce salt intake, manage stress, and engage in moderate physical activity suited to their condition. Furthermore, the holy month presents an excellent opportunity to quit smoking, which can help reduce the risks associated with cardiovascular diseases.